Making the First Call to Your College Roommate

You just received your roommates name and contact information. Youre a little nervous, a little excited. Your mind is buzzing . . . where to start first? Facebook? Google? Your friends? Just how much cyber stalking is appropriate when it comes to someone youll be living with? If you really want to get to know your new roomie youll have to go a little more old school and pick up the phone. How You Most Likely Were Matched You have been paired with your roommate for a wide range of reasons: some may be left to chance, others may be strategic. Smaller schools have more time and resources to pair roommates personally based on questionnaires and other information. Larger schools may use software to match you. You may have been purposefully placed with your roommate to expose both of you to new backgrounds, experiences, and personalities; you may have been paired with your roommate with lesser goals in mind. Either way, you now have the name of the person with whom you will (most likely!) live for the next nine months. Congrats! Before You Call There are a few things you should keep in mind before contacting your roommate for the first time. First and foremost, remember that both of you are likely nervous and excited about similar things: leaving home, starting college, having a roommate, figuring out your meal plans and where to buy books. This is a great place to start to connect. Second, before contacting your roommate, try to think about what you know your living style to be like. Keep in mind that this may be different than what you want your style to be like. Do you like a clean and organized room? Yes. Are you good at keeping it that way? No. Make sure you know how you actually are so that you can set realistic expectations for both of you. Try to be honest about your own patterns and what you know you need to feel balanced. College life is stressful, so if you know you need to go out dancing until 3:00 a.m. to relieve that stress, come up with a plan for how to handle returning home really late without waking your sleeping roommate. During the Call Try to remember that you dont need to work everything out during your first phone call or email. (Email is great, but you most definitely should try to connect via phone, if possible, before meeting on move-in day!) You can decide who brings the mini-fridge, the TV, etc., later. For the first phone call, do your best just to get to know the other person. Talk about his or her high school experience, goals for college, major, why you both picked the college you did, and/or what you are doing between now and when you start in the fall. While many roommates end up being great friends, dont put that expectation on yourself or your new roommate. But you should set a pattern of being friendly. Even if you end up living totally different lives once youre at school, its still important to be on friendly and respectful terms with your roommate. Lastly, and most importantly, expect to be surprised. This may sound scary at first but remember: you have focused on going to college for a long time. You want to be challenged with new ideas, interesting texts, and mind-blowing conversations. One of the most important lessons to learn about college is that this kind of true learning doesnt just happen in the classroom! It happens in the conversations that continue after class as you walk to the cafeteria. Your roommate may currently be living in a different country than you. Your roommate may seem to be totally different than the people you hung out with in high school. Your roommate may seem to be . . . just too different. Sure, this is scary, but its also a little exciting. This is your first college experience in many ways. You may not be on campus yet, but you are meeting someone who hopefully will be somewhere in the mass of students throwing their graduation caps with you in several years. You and your first-year roommate may not be best friends, but you undoubtedly will be a part of each others college experience. As long as youre honest and respectful with each other, things should be fine. So snoop on the internet as much as you like, spend a little time figuring out what your living style is, take a deep breath, relax, and have fun on your first phone call with your new roomie!

A Doll s House Dramatic Irony - 1122 Words

A Doll’s House → Dramatic Irony In A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen, dramatic irony is displayed by providing the audience with eventful information to create a focus on the emotions of the characters. This spotlight allows for us to explore and note symbols and subtle gestures which contribute to the greater themes of appearance versus reality and sacrificial roles of women. The effective use of dramatic irony is encapsulated by the belittling of women’s roles in society during the Victorian era through his expression of his recurring doll image. The doll image can be seen vividly through an unanticipated disdain Nora builds for her unjust lifestyle, making evident that there is a gap between the doll appearance of Nora and her life and†¦show more content†¦The effect of dramatic irony here builds through Nora’s physical actions and reactions to these comments; ‘Withdraws hand’, ‘Pale with terror’. These subtle actions are observed and analyzed by the audience subconsciously. If Torvald had learned about Nora’s dishonesty, Nora would have stayed on terms of guilt rather than leave with her head held high and in the act of independence. Dramatic irony is also developed through Dr. Rank’s last goodbye to the Helmer family. In this play, Dr. Rank appears to be the only one who believes that Nora goes beyond her woman role; he treats her even above her husband, which is absurd in the Victorian Era. In this scene, Dr. Rank speaks with Nora in â€Å"code†, allowing for them to communicate clearly to one another, but saving Torvald from the tragic news. Nora and Dr. Rank speak to one another, using the masquerade as means of speaking of Dr. Rank’s fast approaching death. While speaking to Torvald and Nora, Dr. Rank replies with â€Å"At the next masquerade I’m going to be invisible [...] then no one on earth can see [me].† in which Torvald dismisses this, reasoning that â€Å"[Dr. Rank has] been drinking heavily.† (p10101011). By leaving Torvald out of this final farewell, Torvald avoids extreme feelings of sadness, allowing for Dr. Rank’s and his final interaction to be no ble andShow MoreRelatedA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1288 Words   |  6 Pages Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is based in the Victorian society of the 19th century. It assesses the many struggles and hardships that women faced because of marriage â€Å"laws† that were crucial during that time period. The society was male- dominated with no equality. Nora is the protagonist in A Doll’s House and the wife of a man named Torvald. This play is about Nora’s voyage to recognizing her self- determination and independence. She transforms from a traditional, reserved woman to a new, independentRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House1291 Words   |  6 Pages002322- 3 Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is based in the Victorian society of the 19th century. It assesses the many struggles and hardships that women faced because of marriage â€Å"laws† that were crucial during that time period. The society was male- dominated with no equality. Nora is the protagonist in A Doll’s House and the wife of a man named Torvald. This play is about Nora’s voyage to recognizing her self- determination and independence. She transforms from a traditional, reserved woman toRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1288 Words   |  6 Pages Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is based in the Victorian society of the 19th century. It assesses the many struggles and hardships that women faced because of marriage â€Å"laws† that were crucial during that time period. The society was male- dominated with no equality. Nora is the protagonist in A Doll’s House and the wife of a man named Torvald. This play is about Nora’s voyage to recognizing her self- determination and independence. She transforms from a traditional, reserved woman to a new, independentRead More Comparing A Dolls House and Oedipus Rex Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesComparing A Dolls House and Oedipus Rex Ibsens drama A Dolls House, serves as an example of the kind of issue-based drama that distinguishes Ibsen from many of his contemporaries. The plays dialogue is not poetic, but very naturalistic, and the characters are recognizable people. Given the sense of modernity which the play possesses it seems unusual to compare it to a Greek tragedy produced more than two-thousand years previously. On closer examination however, thereRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House1231 Words   |  5 Pages A Doll’s House is a play by Henrik Ibsen about the liberation of the protagonist, Nora, from a toxic and oppressive relationship in the Victorian Era. Based on a real friend of Ibsen, Nora portrays a seemingly childish and bubbly persona, caged by noble sacrifices and a web of innocent lies. Manipulative and careful, she works furtively to solve all of her problems independently. This contrasts the view her husband has of her as his little doll. He suppresses her freedom of speech, thought, andRead MoreHerik Ibsen: Father of Modern Drama1459 Words   |  6 Pagespioneer theatre dramaturges that began the Modernism Movement, primarily known as the Realism Movement. Modernism/Realism was a revolutionary idea back in Ibsen s time. Many concepts of theater - including plots, dialogue, and characters – were renovated in order to make theater more useful to society’s goals back then. During 1859 to 1900 s, before the rise of Realism, theatre was mainly composed of melodramas, spectacle plays, comic operas, and vaudevilles. The stories displayed did have moralRead MoreConventions of Drama1980 Words   |  8 Pagesselected from Greek, Elizabethan, Restoration and Modern times can be analysed to show and represent the changes of drama. These plays are #8220;Oedipus the King#8221;, #8220;Macbeth#8221;, #8220;The Way of the World#8221; and #8220;A Doll#8217;s House#8221;. The early origins of drama came from the Greek. Drama in Greece,450BC was not readily available to the society. Plays were only put on twice a year during great religious celebrations. At these festivals, where the plays were performedRead MoreA Dolls House As A Tragic Hero Analysis967 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatness but who through a weakness, or tragic flaw in his character, falls into the depths of misery and often to his death† (Ingham 1). Within Oedipus Rex, Sophocles laid the foundation for what is now considered the ideal tragic hero. Within A Doll’s House, Ibsen creates a modern hero in Nora Helmer; a woman who was oppressed for going against social rules for saving her husband. Nora follows the Aristotelian journey of a tragic hero, from hamartia through her tragic fall into catharsis. She is consideredRead More Conventions Of Drama Essay1926 Words   |  8 Pagesselected from Greek, Elizabethan, Restoration and Modern times can be analysed to show and represe nt the changes of drama. These plays are amp;#8220;Oedipus the King;, amp;#8220;Macbeth;, amp;#8220;The Way of the World; and amp;#8220;A Dollamp;#8217;s House;. The early origins of drama came from the Greek. Drama in Greece,450BC was not readily available to the society. Plays were only put on twice a year during great religious celebrations. At these festivals, where the plays were performedRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird1617 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Boo† Radley by his domineering father: Inside the house lived a malevolent phantom. People said he existed, but Jem and I had never seen him. People said he went out at night when the moon was down, and peeped in windows. When people s azaleas froze in a cold snap, it was because he had breathed on them. Any stealthy small crimes committed in Maycomb were his work. Once the town was terrorized by a series of morbid nocturnal events: people s chickens and household pets were found mutilated; although

Icarus Valentin Iremonger Commentary Essay Example For Students

Icarus Valentin Iremonger Commentary Essay The 15th commandment in chapter 5 of Deuteronomy states Honour thy father and thy mother, as the lord thy God commanded thee; that thy days may be long, and that it may go well with thee, upon the land which the lord thy God giveth thee1. This is an ordinary mandate that is repeated over and over by the elders who concern our lives. The poem Icarus by Valentin Iremonger is a modern adaptation of the story of Icarus and Daedalus written in the form of a poem to give a modern metaphorical reference to this commandment. Written in the 20th century, the poet exhibits an increasing interest in deepening a psychological portrait in an attempt to capture the essence of human experience more authentically. The irony of the poem is captured through the experiences of Icarus, where he disobeys his fathers cautions in order to experience the joy of flying. The poem contains one of the typical stumbling blocks outlined in lives, i.e. the characteristics of a high flyer who avoids possible consequences before acting hastily. This contemporary poem presents a form that became predominant in the twentieth century- free verse. The poem presents irregular lines of unequal lengths; and obsolete ideas about meter that are done away with altogether. With the lack of rhyme and rhythm the poet using this free verse creates his own form contributing to the fictitious story containing an ironic message. In this way, form used in this poem becomes as original and imaginative a part of the poetic process as imagery. The longer phrases are broken down with commas to demonstrate pauses, as the reader feels the poet contemplating his irony. This is evident from the opening lines of the poem until the conclusive phrases towards the end. As, even today, the airman, feeling the plane sweat  Suddenly, seeing the horizon tilt up gravely, the wings  shiver,  The first three lines impart this usage of detached words to present the didactic work that intends to preach and persuade a particular moral. This moral suggests the nature of all humans who act hastily upon an idea, never to consider the possible consequences and the cautionary advices given from knowledgeable elders. The irregular punctuation is placed in order to consign emphasis that the reader ought to reflect upon. The high degree of the enjambment effect is used in the poem where phrases run on to the following lines, such as in:  Back, over the tones of the sea-waves and the  slipstream, heard  The gravel-voiced, stuttering trumpets of his heart. An organic form of poetry is used to develop a structure that contributes to reflect upon the metaphoric connotation and the form.  A third person omniscient voice is used to narrate the story. The egotistical tonality can be identified to explicate an invocation in the narrators voice. The poets diction in a pastiche manner employs a general light-hearted imitation of the story of Icarus and Daedalus where the poem is treated in a respectful tone yet imitates that style of the story to convey a moral of caution. The voice is further emphasized through the usage of visual, aural and tactile imagery where visual images are referred to the physical description of Icarus flying so close to the sun in the lines  Head butting down, skidding along the light-shafts  Back, over the tones of the sea-waves and the slipstream, heard Such lines display images where the poet uses the setting to demonstrate the bathos of the situation. Aural imagery is presented enabling the reader to hear what is being described. In the poem we find the phrase:  The gravel-voiced, stuttering trumpets of his heart.  Sennet among the crumbling court-yards of his brain  the mistake  Here, the use of the word gravel-voiced indicates a grating, vexed voice that alarms him frequently of his mistake. .u255940415460c5e664fef17d91d91585 , .u255940415460c5e664fef17d91d91585 .postImageUrl , .u255940415460c5e664fef17d91d91585 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u255940415460c5e664fef17d91d91585 , .u255940415460c5e664fef17d91d91585:hover , .u255940415460c5e664fef17d91d91585:visited , .u255940415460c5e664fef17d91d91585:active { border:0!important; } .u255940415460c5e664fef17d91d91585 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u255940415460c5e664fef17d91d91585 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u255940415460c5e664fef17d91d91585:active , .u255940415460c5e664fef17d91d91585:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u255940415460c5e664fef17d91d91585 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u255940415460c5e664fef17d91d91585 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u255940415460c5e664fef17d91d91585 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u255940415460c5e664fef17d91d91585 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u255940415460c5e664fef17d91d91585:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u255940415460c5e664fef17d91d91585 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u255940415460c5e664fef17d91d91585 .u255940415460c5e664fef17d91d91585-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u255940415460c5e664fef17d91d91585:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fact or fiction EssayThis aural imagery is expressed further through the stuttering trumpets that personifies his quickened heart rate through a serenade of trumpets that linger to express its aural sentiment. Then follows the sennet that crumbles court-yards of his brain. Sennets usually suggest a courtly atmosphere where the elite members are welcomed by flock of loud trumpet players. Here this same connotation is used to a harsh extent where such aural expression crumbles court-yards of his brain. The fear of death is already destroying his senses. The poet presents his view on what constitutes true fiction, that is story telling. Although the poem proceeds with a pastiche irony and humor, there is a serious desire here to correct misguided human nature through alarming motifs and teachings. In this context of the poems intention, the use of the words high-flier, star-chaser, big -time-going, chancer, is particularly loaded. It is used for ironic effect to indicate the lives of rich play boys who live under reckless extravagance. The poets usage of colloquial language also makes the intentions of the theme evident. Phrases such as  As, even today, the airman, feeling the plane sweat  Expose the comparison of the planes sweat to humans anxiety towards death. This being further emphasized through the phrase  Suddenly, seeing the horizon tilt up gravely, the wings  shiver,  defining a literal grave compared to that of Icarus which is the sea. This comparison is made to supplement the writing with a sense of humor through pastiche tonality as explained earlier. The dramatic and colloquial uses of languages in phrases such as  And, while the flat sea, approaching, buckled into Oh!   avenues  engraves a dramatic awe of the aural imagery of sennets. Whereas avenues being compared to the flat sea in the poem. Such comparison can be made to bring out the humor in simple language to demonstrate a negative connotation to the over-achievers who avoid taking precautionary alarms before reaching for their own graves. The tale of Icarus and Daedalus tells the story of the over-achiever Icarus expressed in this poem. The poem however, emphasizes on a crucial part of the story where Daedalus warns his son of the dangers of flying too low or too high.  Remember, said Daedalus, never to fly very low or very high,  for the fogs about the earth would weigh you down,  but the blaze of the sun will surely melt your feathers apart if you go too near.such were the words of precaution that Icarus avoids. For Icarus, these cautions went in at one ear and out by the other.  Who could remember to be careful when he was to fly for the first time?  Are birds careful? Not they!  And not an idea remained in the boys head but the one joy of escape.Hence, the poem presents the boys one joy of escape through a pastiche tone where he mocks the tale in negative tones in order to portray an important message. A message that we know as one of the commandments in the Christian faith. In Ephesians 6: 1-3 it talks about the importance of children obeying their parents as it may go well with you and that you may enjoy long life on earth.4 Such powerful messages do contain simple messages that are to be taught as a moral for living. The simple, figurative theory may not seem particularly appealing as a theme for such kinds of poetry, yet the ironic stance adopted by the poet in his presentation makes the piece amusing, interesting and easy to relate to.

The red headed league is money Essay Example

The red headed league is money Paper There are many great stories in the detective genre but my favourite has to be the stories of Sherlock Holmes. There isnt much I like more than kicking back after a hard days work a good book. I like to curl up on the sofa in front of the warm fire and a blanket, a glass of Frances finest wine in one hand and my own copy of The Short Stories of Sherlock Holmes in the other. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was born on 22nd May 1859 and was of a Scottish origin. He is now known as Conan Doyle and is mostly recognized for his fictional stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered a major innovation in the field of crime fiction, and for the adventures of Professor Challenger. He was a great writer and his other work includes science fiction stories, historical novels, plays and romances, poetry, and non-fiction. Sherlock Holmes is a fictional detective of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A brilliant London-based detective, Holmes is famous for his intellectual expertise and also for his skillful use of deductive reasoning to solve difficult cases. He is arguably one of the most famous fictional detectives ever created, and also one of the most globally recognizable fictional characters. Two very well known stories are The Speckled Band and also The Red Headed League. The Speckled Band is one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. It is the eighth of the twelve stories collected in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. We will write a custom essay sample on The red headed league is money specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The red headed league is money specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The red headed league is money specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The story was first published in Strand Magazine in February 1892, with illustrations by Sidney Paget. It is known to be what Doyle thought was his best Holmes story. The Red Headed League was published in 1891 and was ranked by Conan Doyle as his second in his favorite list of stories out of The adventures of Sherlock Holmes. The Speckled Band is set in the late 19th Century in a large, ancestral house at Stoke Moran on the western border of Surrey. The Red Headed League is set in 1890 around the Saxe Cobourg Square in London. There are many main locations in this area that are important to the story such as Jabez Wilsons pawn brokers shop, the City of London Bank and Sherlock Holmes residence of 52 Baker Street. Conan Doyle creates a sense of atmosphere in The Speckled Band by initially creating a warm and cozy image. He enables the characters to set the atmosphere by them describing the warm fire and offering Mrs. Stoner coffee, he then changes the atmosphere quickly by Mrs. Stoner saying It is not cold that makes me shiver This suddenly changes the atmosphere from happy and warm to cold and dark. This technique takes the reader by surprise because the sudden change in atmosphere and feelings is unexpected. This atmosphere draws the readers attention and interest right from the beginning of the story; this makes them want to read the rest of the story. Holmes and Watson are two very different people, for example Watson is portrayed more as the less intelligent side-kick instead of the useful accomplice. Watson appears weaker than Holmes because he only narrates the stories and is not as directly involved in the cases as Holmes is with them. The Speckled Band shows Holmes is also physically stronger than Watson when he says, If he had stayed he would have seen that I may not look as strong but my strength matches his own. This was in reference to the iron poker that Dr. Roylott had bent then thrown in Holmes direction. Although they appear to be very different, they also appear to be very close. In The Speckled Band Holmes introduces Watson to his client as his intimate friend and associate of whom he feels his clients can speak as freely as before himself which implies that there is a lot of trust between the two of them. Holmes techniques which he uses to solve his crimes are slightly similar in both stories however his actions in The Speckled Band are more physical than him using his knowledge of crime to solve it. For example, whilst in Miss Stoners room, he uses his intellect to work out the presence of the snake but then he also attacks it with his cane when it climbs across the bell rope, knowing that it will go back and kill Dr. Roylott by biting him. This is how he catches the villain in this story, however in the Red Headed League he uses knowledge and common sense to predict where the villain will go next. Holmes and Watson are similar to some modern day detectives such as Morse and his assistant Lewis; they both follow the same principles as Holmes and Watson for detection. For example, Morse is the more recognized and well-known of the two whereas Lewis doesnt get as much praise or acknowledgement. The clues in both stories are very discreet and sometimes go unnoticed. In The Red Headed League when Holmes talks to Jabez Wilsons assistant in the doorway of his shop, the reader is unsure why Holmes has done it but we find out that he is checking his knees for mud. Another clue is when Holmes is standing outside Jabezs pawnbroker shop and taps his cane on the floor. Again the reader is confused by his actions and it is later revealed by Watson that he was checking the ground underneath to see if it was hollow; this enabled them to discover they were tunneling. The clue in The Speckled Band is the bell rope; Miss Stoner says that it is not used therefore it makes the reader think no more of it, however that is the route in which the snake uses to kill the person in the bed. The effect of these clues is to try and make the reader see the plot of the stories and the mysteries of the crimes unravel with ease in small stages. Red herrings are constantly used throughout the story to throw the reader off the tracks of the plot and keep them guessing as to what is going to happen next. It also keeps the reader intrigued in the story so that they read until the end and it is not possible to assume what is going to happen.

20 Research Essay Topics Interesting Facts about Celtic Christianity

20 Research Essay Topics Interesting Facts about Celtic Christianity If you are tasked with research writing on Celtic Christianity, then you will no doubt need a topic on which to write. Below are twenty topics which might be of use to you: Roman Christianity as the Foundation for Celtic Christianity in the Early Middle Ages The Defeat of Gaul and Vanishing of Mainland European-based Celtic Culture Factors Influencing Name Change from Celtic to Insular Culture Powerful Impact of Celtic Civilization on European Art Geographic Limitations of Christianity in Ireland First Signs of Christianity in Ireland during 3rd Century Destruction of the Mithraic Temple and Christian Rituals Why Were Celts Considered Recklessly Brave by Romans in Battle Druids and Their Indulgence in Ritual Sacrifices How Banning from Sacrifices Functioned as the Most Extreme Druid Punishment Power Held by Druids over Celtic Society Legend of St. Patrick’s Miraculous Power against Druidic Opponents La Tà ©ne Artwork with Stylized Animal Motifs v. Hallstatt Artwork Confederations among Celtic People Celtic Warrior Kings and Queens How Celtic Language and Culture Distinguished Celts from Other Europeans How Religion Tied Celtic People Together Decentralized Structure among Celtic Society Impact of Christianity on Pagan Priesthood in Celtic Society Why Attacking Druids was Taboo yet Done by Christian Romans Sample Research Essay: Roman Christianity as the Foundation for Celtic Christianity in the Early Middle Ages Although Ireland was never officially part of the Roman Catholic Church, the rise of Christianity in Rome is what laid the foundation for Celtic Christianity to develop. Little primary evidence remains of Celtic culture in Gaul prior to Roman occupation.   However, numerous secondary sources can be found pertaining to the Roman influence and early Christian development among the Celts. Rome first began as a small village that rose to become the seat of power for one of the greatest empires in the world. The early settlers along the peninsula influenced the Romans greatly, with the peoples they conquered. Romans were known for being innovators in culture, art, government and engineering. They were able to conquer the entire Mediterranean and the most part of Europe through warfare. Although the Romans initially persecuted Christians, Christianity would later become the official religion of the Roman Empire. The development of Rome was greatly influenced by geography. An important crossroads was located on the narrow Italian peninsula. Farmland was also plentiful. Strategically located inland on the hills directly along the Tiber River, Rome had numerous advantages. By the late 6th century they were able to overthrow the Etruscan kings and establish their own republic. This early republic was dominated by wealthy patrician landowners who served in the Roman Senate. Plebeians, male non-patrician Romans, were able to vote and serve in the army, but they were not able to marry patricians nor could they be elected. Rome was never able to establish a democracy, but universal standards of justice were developed that would later influence numerous other societies. Most of Italy was brought under Roman control over the course of several centuries. The main rival of Rome was Carthage, located in the Mediterranean. During the Third Punic War, Roma was able to finally defeat Carthage and dominate t he Mediterranean Sea. Few aristocrats dominated the state of Rome by the 2nd century B.C. As a result of the fact that few small farmers could compete, there was an outcry for land reform. These pressures were resisted by aristocrats and civil war erupted. During the First Triumvirate, power was placed in the hands of three generals, all of whom were wealthy. It was one of these generals, Julius Caesar, who would march on Rome along with his troops and eventually become a dictator. When he was assassinated, his rule came to an end. Octavian became emperor during the Second Triumvirate and was known as Emperor Augustus. During this time the civil wars ceased and the Roman Empire was able to expand until the Empire had a population of 50 million. Commerce and trade thrived during this time. In many regards the Romans mimicked Greek culture. They were also able to develop their own sculpture and create extensive methods of engineering in their construction of roads, aqueducts and bridges. While in early Rome, the male head of the household had absolute authority, that authority began to wane by the 3rd century B.C.   At that time women gained the ability to obtain a divorce and began to enjoy more independence. Christianity began to emerge during a period of significant unrest in Judea, a Roman province. Numerous Jews in the region began to follow Jesus, although many remained split on how to respond. He was seen by many as a possible revolutionary and eventually he was turned over to the Roman authorities after being denounced by a Jewish court. Christianity began as a small sect religion following his death, which quickly began to spread. A Jewish Roman citizen, Paul of Tarsus, preached Christianity throughout Asia Minor as well as along the Aegean coast to both Jews and non-Jews. Although Romans had been historically tolerant of other religions, Christianity was viewed as a threat to the state. As a result, Christians were often persecuted. During the 4th century, the emperor Constantine offered tolerance of the Christian religion, which would eventually set the stage for Christianity to be adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire. After the death of Marcus Aurelius, the confusion and conflict that followed was fraught by civil wars, invasions and plague. As a result, the empire was brought to the edge of collapse. The empire was temporarily stabilized by Constantine through reforms, tight controls and even coercion. The empire was divided into four units when Diocletian declared that it was too large to be ruled by a single emperor. In the eastern part of the empire, Byzantium became the capital. Two invading tribes, the Visigoths and the Vandals, later tore apart Rome. In the western region, the emperor was deposed by invaders, marking the fall of the Western Roman Empire. References: Bradley, Ian C.  Celtic Christianity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1999. Print. Cooper, Michael. Missiological Reflections On Celtic Christianity.  Mission Studies  20.1 (2003): 35-55. Web. de Waal, E. Book Review: Celtic Christianity And Nature.  Theology  100.795 (1997): 222-223. Web. Donnelly, Jason M. Early Celtic Christianity By Brendan Lehane.  Religious Studies Review  34.3 (2008): 214-214. Web. Duncan, Anthony Douglas.  The Elements Of Celtic Christianity. Shaftesbury, Dorset: Element, 1997. Print. Kelly, Fergus, ed.  Audacht Morainn. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1976. Meek, D. E. Book Review: Celtic-Inspired Revivalist Movements, Celtic Christianity: Making Myths And Chasing Dreams.  The Expository Times  111.3 (1999): 100-101. Web. Meek, Donald E.  The Quest For Celtic Christianity. Edinburgh: Handsel Press, 2000. Print. Murphy, Gerard, ed.  Early Irish lyrics: eighth to twelfth century. Four Courts Pr Ltd, 1956. OMeara, John J. The Voyage of St Brendan: Journey to the Promised Land. (1978): 31.

History of the 1900 Olympics in Paris

History of the 1900 Olympics in Paris The 1900 Olympic Games (also called the II Olympiad) took place in Paris from May 14 to October 28, 1900. Planned as part of the immense World Exhibition, the 1900 Olympics were  under-publicized and completely disorganized.  The confusion was so great that after competing, many participants did not realize that they had just participated in the Olympics.   It is important to note, however, that it was in the 1900 Olympic Games that women first participated as contestants.   Chaos Although more athletes attended the 1900 Games than in 1896, the conditions that greeted the contestants were abysmal. Scheduling conflicts were so great that many contestants never made it to their events. Even when they did make it to their events, athletes found their areas barely usable. For instance, the areas for the running events were on grass (rather than on cinder track) and uneven. The discus and hammer throwers often found that there wasnt enough room to throw, so their shots landed in the trees. The hurdles were made out of broken telephone poles. And the swimming events were conducted in the Seine River, which had an extremely strong current. Cheating? Runners in the marathon suspected the French participants of cheating since the American runners reached the finish line without having the French athletes pass them, only to find the French runners already at the finish line seemingly refreshed.   Mostly French Participants The concept of the new, modern Olympic Games was still new and travel to other countries was long, hard, tiring, and difficult. This plus the fact that there was very little publicity for the 1900 Olympic Games meant that few countries participated and that a majority of the contestants were actually from France.  The croquet event, for example, not only had just French players, all the players were from Paris. For these very same reasons, attendance was very low. Apparently, for that very same croquet event, only one, single ticket was sold to a man who had traveled from Nice. Mixed Teams Unlike later Olympic Games, teams of the 1900s Olympics were often composed of individuals from more than one country. In some cases, men and women could also be on the same team. One such case was 32-year-old  Hà ©là ¨ne de Pourtalà ¨s, who became the first female Olympic champion. She participated in the 1-2 ton sailing event aboard the  Là ©rina, with her husband and nephew. First Woman to Win a Gold Medal As mentioned above,  Hà ©là ¨ne de Pourtalà ¨s was the first woman to win gold while competing in the 1-2 ton sailing event. The first woman to win gold in an individual event was British Charlotte Cooper, a megastar tennis player, who won both singles and mixed doubles.

Fiscal Policy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fiscal Policy - Assignment Example The fiscal policy has been instituted to see the government earn more revenue which is to be used to reduce the government debt which has been rising over the years especially following the release of stimulus packages to revive the economy after the financial crisis began. The fiscal policy currently in place disfavours the rich as it would see them pay more taxes. The middle class are also disfavoured by the fact that they have to pay 2% higher payroll tax than they have previously been paying. If not for the easy monetary policy that the country has adopted, many sectors of the economy would have been grossly affected by the financial policy and the unemployment levels would remain high. Generally, the fiscal policy will benefit those to whom the government is indebted. The Taiwan Government on has adopted an expansionary fiscal policy for the last seven years (Liu, 2013; weebly.com 2014). The policy includes raising spending on defence each year by 7.8%. The policy is aimed at stimulating domestic demand (weebly.com 2014). This measure has been taken in response to volatile exports. The government intends to invest in infrastructure and hopes that the economic growth will be more impressive. The policy favours local businesses and the general population although the government’s level of debt will keep rising. Mutikani, L. (March 22, 2013). Easy Fed softens fiscal policy punch on economy. Chicago Tribute. Retrieved March 14, 2014 from http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-03-22/business/sns-rt-us-usa-economy-growthbre92l03o-20130321_1_easy-policy-monetary-policy-monetary-stimulus Liu, F. (2013).Taiwan Fiscal Policy to Stay Expansionary in 2014, With More for Infrastructure: Outstanding Public Debt Likely to Rise Close to the Statutory Limit. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 14, 2014

Executive summaries of Should Small Businesses Adopt New Accounting Essay

Executive summaries of Should Small Businesses Adopt New Accounting Standards - Essay Example The AICPA financial reporting framework (FRF) revolves around various accounting terms such as debts, credit, risks, profits and losses as well as all assets and liabilities belonging to a business. Bob argues that the current financial reporting framework is an improvement of the previous frameworks. According to him, the improvement is meant to make it easier for SMEs to prepare their financial statements in a much simpler and consistent manner. For instance, with the current reporting framework business A and B can compare their financial statements over the years as they are prepared under specific guidelines as provided by the AICPA. The new financial reporting framework guides the SMEs on preparation of full financial statements. These include the statement of financial position, statement of changes in equity, statement of cash flows and statement of operations. The SMEs are also guided on how to prepare relevant notes that serve as supporting references to the financial statements. AICPA emphasizes on the need of preparing financial statements; for the benefit of the management as well as external users such as bankers and financiers. The purpose of improving on the accounting standards is to ensure that the financial statements of a business capture its economic performance, the economic obligations, resources and equity as well as changes on the same. Bob recommends adaption of this framework as it offers simpler methods of accounting. In an interview with Bob, Patrick notes that the current financial reporting framework is a bit complex for small and medium sized businesses as it entails detailed financial reporting most of which is only necessary for big industries. Bob adds that this is the main reason as to why the financial reporting framework was reviewed. He argues that they had the troubles SMEs go through in compliance with this tiring framework in mind as they redrafted

Wine project Essay Example for Free

Wine project Essay Valais is known for its exceptional climate, whereby the mountains stop most of the rainfall, but create ‘foehn’ winds which assists in the late autumn months with the essential ripening process of late varieties of grapes. Almost continuous sunshine for most of the year attributes to hot and dry summers, while winters can be cold and snowy, even on the lower levels of the valley, yet the frost, which is usually the worst enemy of winegrowers, is rare, as the seasons change gradually, not abruptly. Soil Composition Light, well-aerated soil, poor in clay. This warms up rapidly in sunshine but does not retain water very well. The soil composition varies from plot to plot, diversity due to the geological upheavals, which occurred in this region. Type of wine Rose wine Character of the wine Dry, full bodied, typical flinty taste Food harmony (2 dishes) Seared cod with red wine sauce, Sauteed chicken with wild mushroom. Commercial argumentation This beautiful Pinot Noir opens up with very aromatic flavors. It is essential summer wines, easy to drink fresh and fruity. It has a lovely red fruit aromas with the smooth end. Cost sale price. 2009 Dole Blanche, Charrat, Verteys Price: 14 Chf. References: Swiss Wine Growers Association. (1994). All About Swiss Wine. Geneva: OFD Communications. artisan-vigneron. ch. (n. d. ) Retrieved February 26, 2013, from http://www. artisan-vigneron. ch/vins. html Chateau Brane-Cantenac Appellation Chateau Brane-Cantenac Country France Region Bordeaux Sub Region Margaux Village Margaux Estate Vineyard/ Grand cru Brane Cantenac Grape(s) Variety(ies) Cabernet Sauvignon 65%, Merlot 30%, Cabernet Franc 5% Climate conditions Bordeaux has a warm summer and long mile autumns, but suffers plenty of rainfall. In vineyard terms, it is a marginal climate, where grapes need a good site and a good year to ripen fully. Soil Composition Deep gravel from the quaternary era, with white gravel, sand and less clay. Type of wine Bordeaux-style red blend Character of the wine The wine has leafy, blackcurrant aromas a flavorsome but light wine for the vintage. Food harmony (2 dishes) Ratatouille, Roast duck with fig and orange sauce. Commercial argumentation A gorgeous deepest violet color by far that is made from world- quality grapes; Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Cabernet Franc. It will deliver wines of charm and fine texture rather than brute power. It is blend in Bordeaux style, but don’t lack of attentiveness and structure. The wine is aged for eighteen months with the love and care from the wine maker. This wine could be considered as the most sophisticated as the wine is built in a long hue, and still very much on the way to go further. Cost sale price 1988 Chateau Brane-Cantenac, Margaux, France Price Range of 750ml bottle, ex-tax in CHF Average: 85CHF From: 55CHF To 120CHF References: Crook, S. (2009). The complete Bordeaux. Great Britain, Octopus publishing group. Wine-searcher. com. (n. d. ) Retrived February 26, 2013, from http://www. wine-%09searcher. com/wine-8-1988-chateau-brane-cantenac-margaux-france Chambertin Appellation Chambertin Country France Region Burgundy Sub Region Cote de Nuit Village Gevery-Chambertin Estate Vineyard/ Grand cru Gevery-Chambertin Grand Cru Grape(s) Variety(ies) Pinot Noir Climate conditions Relatively hot, dry summers and cool, crisp winters. Particularly in summer, this climate type brings high diurnal temperature variation, which helps to maintain a balance between natural sugars and acidity in the wines. Soil Composition The soil varies depending on how high up the hillside the vineyard is located. The primary component is limestone, mixed with some clay and flint. The amount of clay decreases in site higher up the hill Type of wine Red wine Character of the wine Chambertin is full, firm and austere at the outset and structured and fleshy, with initial flavor of black fruits, liquorice and coffee beans, mellowing into something rich, concentrated, generous and warm-hearted when they mature. Food harmony (2 dishes) Beef wellington, Cheese souffle Commercial argumentation. The most prestigious and luxury wine produced from Burgundy, France with the deep colored, full body, smooth and very complex red wine from the world famous Pinot Noir. The wine is made at the northern end of the Cote d’Or, with the rich of soil and perfect amount of sun, these factors render Chambertin to be named as â€Å"King of Wines†. It offers a strong and rigid structure with the hints of black berries fruits, and coffee beans, blended together until reached the top of quality. Chambertin is full of flavor and powerful in aromas that will definitely deliver the pleasure to anyone who taste it. Cost sale price 1988 Domaine Armand Rousseau Pere et Fils Chambertin Grand Cru, Cote de Nuits, France: Price Range of 750ml bottle, ex-tax in CHF Average: 1,083CHF From: 885CHF To 1,362CHF References: Anderson, P. J. , (2012). About wine. USA, Curio Press. Coates, C. , (2008). The wine of Burgundy. University of California Press Wine-search. com. (n. d. ) Retrieved February 26, 2013, from http://www. wine-searcher. com/wine-37013-1988-domaine-armand-rousseau-pere-et-fils-chambertin-grand-cru-cote-de-nuits-france Laurent Perrier â€Å"Alaxandra rose† Appellation Laurent Perrier â€Å"Alaxandra rose†/ Champagne. Country France Region Champagne Sub Region NA Village NA Estate Vineyard/ Grand cru Laurent Perrier Grape(s) Variety(ies) Pinot Noir 80%, Chardonnay 20% Climate conditions Champagne is a cold place, at the northern climatic limit of grape growing, a factor that leaves the grapes with low tannins but a particularly fine varietal aroma. Sometimes July and August will be hot, and occasionally September and October will be warm. Soil Composition The prominent soil type is chalk, though this is not always visible in the surface Type of wine Champagne, rose Character of the wine. A pale salmon pink with an orange tinge. Complex and powerful, the first aromas are reminiscent of strawberry jam. These are followed by floral notes such as rose petal. Lively and crisp, with dominant flavors of red berry fruit such as wild strawberries. Full-bodied, with a velvety texture and a finale showing hints of dried apricots and orange peel. Food harmony (2 dishes) Duck in bilberry sauce, Green salad with Caviar and smoked salad Commercial argumentation A lively rose champagne from the world famous Pinot Noir blended with another well-known Chadonnay in a perfect combination. Laurent Perrier â€Å"Alaxandra rose† reached the top quality to be one of the best rose champagnes in the world. The wine offers the flavor of red berries and wild strawberry with the hints of dried apricots and orange zest. It has kept its freshness while building the element of toasty and maturity which renders the taste to be crips, and powerful in aromas. The full-bodied, elegant champagne with a smooth texture and a complex finish will never disappoint anyone. Cost sale price 2004 Laurent-Perrier Grand Siecle Alexandra Rose Millesime, Prestige Cuvee Champagne, France: Price Range of 750ml bottle, ex-tax in CHF? Average: 275CHF From: 275CHF To 276CHF References: Kolpan, S. , Smith B. H. , Weiss M. A. , (2010). Exploring wine. USA. Willey Press. Wine-searcher. com. (n. d. ) Retrieved February 26, 2013, from http://www. wine-searcher. com/wine-16145-2004-laurent-perrier-grand-siecle-alexandra-rose-millesime-prestige-cuvee-champagne-france Lauren-perrier. com. (n. d. ). Retrieved February 26, 2013, from http://www. laurent-perrier. com Mondavi private selection Meritage Appellation Monterey County Country USA Region California Sub Region Central coast Village NA Estate Vineyard/ Grand cru NA Grape(s) Variety(ies) 72% Cabernet Sauvignon, 11% Petit Verdot, 8% Malbec, 7% Cabernet Franc, 2% Merlot Climate conditions The 2008 growing season on California’s Central Coast was one of great variety. Flowering was on the late side due to winter drought and a strong frost in late March. Summer temperatures were inconsistent, alternating between cool and excessively hot. Soil Composition Sandy, well-drained soil Type of wine Red wine Character of the wine The wine offers lavish dark plum, black cherry, and blackberry aromas along with a velvety texture and succulent mid-palate flavors. Its finish is impressively long and enhanced by well- integrated tannins. Food harmony (2 dishes) Grilled rib eye with garlic butter, Osso Bucco Commercial argumentation With the brilliant invention of Robert Mondavi, he created the wine with Bordeux style and presented it into a very nice wine. The wine is an amazingly rich with the dark plum color, yet tasteful and easy to drink. It consists of five different Bordeaux red varieties; Cabernet Sauvignon, Petit Verdot, Malbec, Cabernet Franc, and Merlot that were blended in the perfect combination until reaching the same quality as Bordeaux wines. Cost sale price 2008 Robert Mondavi Winery Private Selection Meritage, California, USA Price Range of 750ml bottle, ex-tax in CHF? Average: 10CHF From: 7CHF To 13CHF References: Kolpan, S. , Smith B. H. , Weiss M. A. , (2010). Exploring wine. USA. Willey Press. Robertmodavi. com. (n. d. ) Retrieved February 26, 2013 from http://www. robertmondavi. com/rmps/wines/our_wines/meritage/ Wine-searcher. com. (r. d. ) Retrieved February 26, 2013 from http://www. wine-searcher. com/wine-77785-2008-robert-mondavi-winery-private-selection-meritage-california-usa.

Living Together Before Marriage Essay -- essays research papers

Living Together Before Marriage As the rate of divorce soars and as increasing numbers of marriages disintegrate, living together has become the popular alternative to many people in north America. Expersts estimate that "roughly 2.2 million people are currently sharing bed and board in a live-in arrangement, this is approximately 1% of the total population."("Family." Comptoms Encyclopedia. 1992 ed.) Living together, more formally known as non marital cohabitation, is an emerging lifestyle. In fact, "More than one fourth of all unmarried couples living together in the early 1980's were between 25 and 34 years old, and an additional 19 percent were 45 and over."("Today's Families."Detroit Free Press 18 October 1995: B17.) Although living together is not a recent invention, the relationship has yet to be legitimized with a respectable name. Existing terms such as "shacking up" or "living in sin" are just some of the crude names being tagged to people living together. Living together can be valuable a substitute for marriage, a cur e-all for marital problems, and a solution to the problem of frequent divorce.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A popular rationale for living together is that it is an ideal way to have a "try out." This trial marriage is a result of the ever increasing divorce rate. Many couples are afraid of marriage and decide to live together with the intention to persue marriage if the temporary arrangement is successful. The couples hope to "minimize their chances of a potential disastrous marriage; any conflicting attitudes toward social activities, economic arrangements, or domestic chores will be discovered and hopefully resolved while the couple live together." (Carter, Sharon. "Trial Marriage". Ladies' Home Journal 14 (May 1993): 12-13.) If an unsolveable conflict arises, the couple can cancel their wedding plans and escape the painful exercise of divorce. Living together ultimately can test the couple's compatibility and have them really get to know each other. Although evidence suggests that "couples who live together do not necessarily have more or less successful marriages than couples who don't live together before the wedding, studies show that non-marital cohabitors are more realistic about their demands and expectations of marriage.("Ross, Eshleman J. The Family: An Introduction. 5th ed. Detroit: Allyn,1988) Living toge... ...of divided energies among dating, career development, and economical survival. The burden of living can bee shared as the couple persue personal goal and ambitions. Living together, for example, can provide a harried student with emotional, physical, and sometimes economic support from a sympathetic partner. (Pearce, Jack M. Modern Day Marriages. New York: Abel- Hils,1990.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finally, more and more are turning to the idea of living together as the emotional, physical, social, economic, and legal benefits are much better alternative than the consequences that can arise from a failed marriage. Certainly, "not all couples choose to include living together as a temporary stage in their courtship, yet the option to cohabit is becoming increasingly popular."(Groode, Williams J. "Marriage" Comptoms Interactive Encyclopedia. (1996 ed.) The freedom associated with living together is an important aspect, because after a period of time the couple may decide to marry, to end the relationship, or simple continue living together. As future trends continue, and more marriages fail, the number of couples who live together are going to increase due to the valuable benefits.

NET framework and common language runtime Essay

The . NET framework is a component of Windows that enables the running of more advanced applications and XML Web services (DePetrillo, 2002). One of the main aim of coming up with this framework is to enable applications to have a consistent object-oriented programming methodology. It is also useful in that it eliminate software deployment and the execution of code safely without problems of scripting and interpreted environments. Microsoft. NET is also referred to as Windows DNA, it was a Microsoft’s previous platform used for developing all enterprise applications. It includes a variety of proven technologies which are in the production they include Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS) and COM+, Microsoft Message Queue (MSMQ), the Microsoft SQL Server database. Common Language Runtime provides the . NET framework applications an environment to execute. These language runtime includes common type system Just-in-time compiler, manages memory and gives compiler the security required. Design of . NET and Common Language Runtime (CLR) The design of . NE framework gives of room for interoperability. .NET frameworks have a way of allowing applications which were developed in the framework to still operate in environments outside of . NET environment. The ability to access COM components is made possible by . NET developers which are in the SRIS and the System Services namespace. With this platform, communication between old and new applications is increasing and is becoming a reality. The design of . NET and CLR also allows for security implementation for applications. .NET has two features for security for their mechanisms for security. These two features include validation and verification, and Code Access Security. The latter feature uses the association with specific assembly (DePetrillo, 2002). Normally, the assembly source acts as the evidence regardless of whether they are installed on the local machine or has been downloaded from the Internet. This mechanism uses evidence to determine permissions that are given to the code. With other code, they can demand that calling code be given a specific permission. This demand normally enables CLR to countercheck the permissions; called call stack walk. This is a situation whereby for every assembly of each method in the stack is scrutinized for the required permissions. An exception is thrown if an assembly does not have the right permissions. When an assembly is launched, the CLR performs very many tests. Two of the tests include validation and verification. The verification purpose is to check if the code will do anything which is not safe. Also, . NET framework uses appdomains to isolate code running in a process (DePetrillo, 2002). The appdomains help when there is a crash in a system. In case one application crushes in a system, the other applications within that system will not be affected. An example of security problem is the buffer overflows. This is taken care of with the use of . NET framework. The stability of . NET is assured because it brings with it the end of manual memory management. The . NET framework does memory management by itself thus freeing the user the burden of doing this. The memory that was allocated for instantiations of objects meant for . NET is done contiguously from memory heap. This heap is normally managed by CLR. The . NET also manages garbage collection. This is done by the garbage collector which is compacting and non-deterministic. Memory leakage is an example of stability issue that is solved with the use of . NET framework. The last design feature added to . NET and CLR is the addition of class libraries. These libraries help in maintenance of the applications because one does not have to create applications afresh. Someone seeking to add some more functionality to their applications or do some maintenance will just use the class libraries available at their disposal to achieve all these. The class libraries is a collection of thousands of interfaces, classes, structures and enumerations that are aimed at adding functionality of core system and application services in order to ease programming. There are various classes that someone can use to manipulate the file system. For example there are classes to manipulate XML files, classes to manipulate databases, and serialize objects. In addition to the availability of vast collection of libraries in . NET, the user also has the capability of creating their own classes which they can use in many applications (DePetrillo, 2002). Advantages and disadvantages of . NET Framework Microsoft. NET offers a variety of features such as the time-to-market which are not found in others like the J2EE. It gives a fairly complete solution from the single vendor-Microsoft which may lack some higher end features. With the Microsoft. NET there is one place to get similar information since there is no question of what is the shared context repository. There is an established passport which is an active system. Microsoft. NET gives one the language neutrality when coming up with their new eBusiness applications thus allowing one to view other languages as one application. The cons It does not support a true web services since it lacks the support for ebXML. Microsoft. NET does not give tactics for improving the performance thus not allowing the developers to introduce errors into their systems. It requires qualified developers who are well educated and can handle more hand-holding. It is difficult to maintain since the . NET supports Win32 only in which a large number of machines are required. Microsoft. NET web services are not interoperable with the present industry standards since their BizTalk framework has proprietary SOAP extensions which do not support ebXML. References DePetrillo, B. A. (2002). Think Microsoft. NET. Que.

Elections in Africa Essay

The Aim of this essay is based on the clarity on the Elections in Africa if they are a good Measure of democracy. It basically analyses the advantages and disadvantages of elections (in an argument form). The issue of how citizens influence policymaker is central to an understanding of democratic political system. We normally agree that democracy should allow the people to participate in policy making. Hence elections are one of the ways to establish connections between citizens and policy makers and by elections citizens encourage the policymakers to pay attention to their interests. However there are some disagreements about whether and how elections serve to link citizens to policymakers; a number of schools put more emphasis upon accountability and others do on representativeness, even if there have been a lot of theoretical debates about this issue, we have few attempts to test the role of competitive election on popular attitudes towards the legislature. An election is a formal decision making process in which the population chooses an individual to hold a public office. Elections have been the mechanism by which modern representative democracy has been operated since 17TH century. According to Business Dictionary (BD), Election is the act of a party casting vote to choose an individual, for some type of position. It may involve a public or private vote depending on the position. Most positions in the local, state federal governments are voting on the same type of elections. According to (Abraham Lincoln), the word democracy means â€Å"the government of the people, by the people and for the people â€Å". Democracy is term that comes from a Greek and it is made up of two other words, demo which means people and kratain which means to govern or to rule. Democracy can then be literally translated by the following terms, Government of the people or government of the majority. Electoral systems are conventionally divided into two categories, majoritarian. And proportional representations, (Lijphart 1999). Majoritarian system usually employs exclusively single-seat distrust with plurality rule and tends to give greater representation to the two parties and that which receive the most votes. Proportional representation (P.R) System must employ multi-seat districts, usually with party lists, and typically produce parliamentary representation that largely mirrors the vote shares of multi-parties However elections be it Proportional Representation (PR), or Majoritarian type, are instruments of democracy to the degree that they give the people the  influence over policymaking,.(Powell 2000). One fundamental role of elections is the evaluation of the incumbents government. Citizens use elections to reward or punish the incumbents although on the other hand increasingly competitive elections raise the risk of increased election violence, this can be raised in two ways. Firstly, closer elections can increase tension throughout the electoral process; when the outcome of the election is in doubt, all stages of the process including the appointment of the members of the electoral management body, the registration of parties, candidates, and voters; campaigning; voting ;and vote counting and tabulation, becomes more heated. For example, Kenya erupted in chaos in 2007 when incumbent president Mwai kibaki was sworn in hours after being declared the winner in the country’s closest presidential elections ever; the ensuing violence left 1,500 dead and 300,000 displaced. Secondly, as long-term incumbents witness the growing strength of the opposition candidates, they may feel increasingly imperilled and crack down more fiercely on perceived threats, example, after losing the first round of Zimbabwe’s 2008 presidential elections and subsequently manipulating results to force run-off, president Robert Mugabe presided over a wave of widespread and brutal violence against supporters of Morgan Tsvangirai to ensure himself victory in the second round. While these above examples demonstrate the potential of elections to create conflict, elections are often used as a means to end conflict and solidify peace. For this reason, elections usually form a key part of the agreements ending civil wars or conflict. The basic principal behind these post conflict or transitional elections is that of Ballots over Bullets: citizens choosing their political leaders by voting rather than fighting, although in the 1992 Angola elections which was intended to end the c ivil war, this election instead reignited conflict for another ten (10) years. cases such as these have led many to argue that elections are not appropriate for post conflict environment. In majority, however, there is no viable alternative to post conflict elections as a means of achieving legitimate governance; a non elected government is far more susceptible to accusations of illegitimacy than the one chose by the people, and legitimate governance must be achieved as soon as possible following a conflict. Moreover, elections have the potential to create government broadly representative of all disputing political factions. Demonstratively, several  countries have recently held remarkably successful post-conflict elections. For example, Liberia’s elections in 2005 intended to over a decade of civil war were remarkably peaceful and hailed as generally free and fair. Another example is the DRC’s 2006 elections, the first multi-party election in 46 years, were also relatively successful, especially when considering the tremendous logistical challenges that had to be overcome. in these cases therefore, elections facilitated an ongoing transition from dev astating conflict toward greater stability and development. Based on a multi-level analysis of Afro barometer survey data from 17 sub-Saharan African countries, the study examines the influence of these two types of electoral systems; Majoritarian and Proportional Representations-on popular confidence in African parliaments. Controlling for a variety of individual and macro-level characteristics, it was found that citizen’s perceptions of Members of Parliament (MP’s) representations have a positive and significant effect on their trust in legislature. In addition the results suggest that the effect of political representations is mediated by electoral systems. Powell (2000), distinguishes between two versions of elections as instruments of democracy; accountability and representation. Accountability model tries to use elections to bring the power of the people directly to bear on policymakers. Elections offer citizens a periodic opportunity to change the policymakers. Citizens will have control because they will be able, at least occasionally to reject elected officials who are doing the wrong. Competitive elections create a pressure on all incumbents or rather the current policymakers to worry about the next elections and make policy with voters review in mind. On the other hand representation model emphasises citizens should be treated equally at the decisive stage of public policy making. Elections are instruments of citizen’s influence in policy making. Elections should create equitable reflection of all points of view into the legislature. They work as an instrument to choose representatives who can bargain for their voter’s interest in post-election policy making. Elections are not only integral to all these areas of democratic governance, but are also the most visible representations of democracy in action. They are also in most cases the most complicated and expensive single event a country will ever undertake. Good governance, upholding rule of law, and supporting civil society, this testimony examines  all these areas in the context of elections. International support to electoral processes is crucial if democracy is to continue developing on the African continent. Indeed the very purpose of elections is to achieve participatory governance without violence- through political rather than physical competition –and this has succeeded in a number of African countries. South-Africa and Botswana, for example have proven themselves among the continent’s most stable democracies, while Ghana, Mali, and Benin have emerged as democratic stronghold in West Africa. Moreover, countries such as Sierra Leone and Liberia, among the poorest in the world and only recently emerged from civil war, have demonstrated the power of elections to foster and solidify peace. In reality, then, Africa’s experience with the electoral democracy has been mixed; progress has been made but challenges remain. The various elections in past several years-from Kenya and Zimbabwe to Ghana and Sierra Leone- have become historical landmarks for different reasons, varying drastically in their conduct and outcome. This mix of electoral experience has generated considerable debate and passion on the subject of transparent, free and fair electoral process among election stakeholders, especially as democratic progress itself can come with further challenges; as more elections are held as these elections become increasingly competitive, one-party and military regimes face potentially destabilizing challenges that could increase the risk of fraud and violence. In conclusion; elections-especially free and fair, competitive and multi-party elections, are assumed to be a critical component of democratization in emerging democracies, while an election can intensify the polarization of a society along ethnic lines. Competitive elections can force political elites to legitimate their rule through the ballot box. However, we are still debating about how elections serve to link voters and elected Officials. While a group of scholars emphasise the directness and clarity of the connection between voters and policy-makers, others do the representation of all factions in society. Elections help voters to send Members of Parliament (MP’s) representing their interest to the parliament, to some extent elections constitutes a principal avenue of citizen’s involvement in political life. Understanding their effects on public attitudes towards the legislature and the role of the individual  therein has important implications for theories of democratic governance in emerging democracy. Therefore with this information, elections are a good measure of democracy in that they give citizens the participatory right in policy making through their elected representatives. Making it the government of the people by the people and for the people, that’s democracy according to Abraham Lincolnâ €™s definition. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Powell (2000), Elections as instrument of Democracy. 2. Easton David (1965), A Systems Analysis of Political Life. New York: john Wiley. 3. Norris, Pippa, Eds (1999), Critical Citizen: Global Support for Democratic Governance. New York oxford University press. 4. Lebas, Adrienne (2006), Comparative Politics 38; 419:438. 5. Margolis, M (1979), Viable Democracy. 6. Tordoff, W. Government and Politics in Africa. London McMillan (1993). 7. Rose, Richard, William Mishler, Christian Haerpfer (1998), Democracy and Its Alternatives. 8. Sisk, Timothy D, Andrew Reynolds, Eds (1998), Election and Conflict Management in Africa. Washington; United States Institute of Peace press. 9. Powell G. Bingham (1982), Contemporary Democracies; participation stability and violence. Cambridge University. 10. Almami l. Cyllah. Democracy and Elections in Africa.

Technology and Evolution Essays

Technology and Evolution Essays Technology and Evolution Essay Technology and Evolution Essay How evolutions of Information systems from the sass differ from Information systems today? Information Systems have expanded drastically over the years from Management Information System (MIS) to commerce. From 1 buffs to sasss the role of Information systems In the business environment Is strategic and end user support. In this phase end user computing phenomenon appeared as a factor of the rapid development of computer processing power, telecommunication networks and application software packages. Then the managers required a special new system called Strategic and Executive Information Systems to provide the strategic information to the top level executives when they want it. From 1 sass to sass, the role of Information systems in the business environment is Global Intertwining. The rapid growth of Internet dramatically changed the capabilities of business. In todays competitive business environment electronic business (E-business) and commerce are becoming commonplace in the operations and management The Information systems from 1 sass used to take strategic decision making where as In today It Is an online analytical decision making. What networking and communications changes were introduced In the past decade (sass? The Communication patterns are changing from point-point to collaborative and group communication. Internet-enabled communication services Like social networking websites, voice application (Poi), video applications (Keep), user-generated video file sharing(Ytterbiums-player online games, web based communication (blobs and wick) and the convergence of Mobile communications with Internet has become the primary communication media rather than traditional telecommunication. Driven by high broadband penetration, availability of readily available and matured social footwear and affordable internet-enabled multimedia devices and services are driving people to use social media as their primary communication media.

The Greek Words Used to Name Dinosaurs

The Greek Words Used to Name Dinosaurs If it sometimes seems as if the names of dinosaurs and prehistoric animals come from another language, well, theres a simple explanation: the names of dinosaurs and prehistoric animals really do come from another language. Traditionally, paleontologists the world over use Greek to christen new species and genera - not only of dinosaurs, but also of birds, mammals, and even microbes. Partly this is a matter of convention, but partly its rooted in common sense: classical Greek and Latin have been the shared languages of scholars and scientists for hundreds of years. (Lately, though, there has been a trend for using non-Greek roots to name dinosaurs and prehistoric animals; hence sibilant beasts like Suuwassea and Thililua.) But enough about all that: what good does this information do you if you have to decode a mouthful of a name like Micropachycephalosaurus? The following is a list of the most common Greek words used in dinosaur names, along with their English equivalents. If you want to have some fun, try assembling your own fictional dinosaur from the ingredients below (heres a nonsense example to get you started: Tristyracocephalogallus, or the extremely rare three-headed spiky chicken.) Numbers Mono OneDi TwoTri ThreeTetra FourPenta Five Body Parts Brachio ArmCephalo HeadCerato HornCheirus HandColepio KnuckleDactyl FingerDerma SkinDon, dont ToothGnathus JawLopho CrestNychus ClawOphthalmo EyeOps FacePhysis FacePtero WingPteryx FeatherRhampho BeakRhino NoseRhyncho SnoutTholus DomeTrachelo Neck Animal Types Anato DuckAvis BirdCetio WhaleCyno DogDraco DragonGallus ChickenHippus HorseIchthyo FishMus MouseOrnitho, Ornis BirdSaurus LizardStruthio OstrichSuchus CrocodileTaurus Bull Size and Shape Baro HeavyBrachy ShortMacro BigMegalo HugeMicro SmallMorpho ShapedNano TinyNodo KnobbedPlaco, Platy FlatSphaero RoundTitano GiantPachy ThickSteno NarrowStyraco Spiked Behavior Archo RulingCarno Meat-eatingDeino, Dino TerribleDromeus RunnerGracili GracefulLestes RobberMimus MimicRaptor Hunter, ThiefRex KingTyranno TyrantVeloci Fast Times, Places, and Assorted Features Antarcto AntarcticArchaeo AncientAustro SouthernChasmo CleftCoelo HollowCrypto HiddenEo DawnEu Original, FirstHetero DifferentHydro WaterLago LakeMio MioceneNycto NightOvi EggPara Near, AlmostPelta ShieldPlio PliocenePro, Proto BeforeSarco FleshStego RoofThalasso Ocean

Classic Hollywood Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Classic Hollywood Cinema - Essay Example This essay explores the interaction between the message and medium in a scene from Casablanca. The scene that will be analyzed is the scene when Annina Brandel (Joy Page), a refugee who is desperately looking for exit visas for her and her husband Jan Viereck (Helmut Dantine), converses with Rick and asks for guidance regarding her dealing with Renault. This scene demonstrates the themes of nationalism and sentimentalism; it uses the cinematic elements to complicate the portrayal of the themes, by showing how Rick fights his inner emotions, values, and goals, and these elements also reinforce the themes through expressing them through symbolisms and motifs, as well as the actions and words of the characters. Rick embodies his contradictions as an empty and â€Å"filled† man, which manifests more in the form of sentimentalism. He seems to not care for the idea of true love. French bargirl Yvonne (Madeleine LeBeau), in the beginning of the film, pleads for Ricks attention. She drinks heavily, showing her confusion with her feelings and Ricks feelings for her. She asks Rick for a date that night, but all he says is: â€Å"I never make plans that far ahead.† During this time, through a middle shot, Ricks back is on the audience as he busily writes on something on the bars desk. It shows his indifference to Yvonne. As he pulls Yvonne out, shadows fall on Rick. These shadows symbolize the darkness inside his heart. He seems to have no feelings for anyone. He does not believe in â€Å"love† or â€Å"passion,† which can be inferred as he brusquely shoves Yvonne out of his bar. This woman evidently likes him, but he does not care for her. His actions demonstrate how h e also brushes aside love and passion away from his life. He has an emptiness inside him and the scene sends the first impression of Rick as a lonely introvert. Nonetheless, when he speaks with Annina, the scene reveals the complication between the

Others Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Others - Assignment Example From the evidence given in the case scenario, Jill had taken all the necessary means to ensure that everyone in the neighborhood was safe. This means that he had fulfilled his obligations of duty of care. It is evident that he had anticipated the threat posed by the animals, and therefore taken proactive measures. It is also clear that he was not responsible for the release of the animals in the neighborhood. A third party (protesters) went at night, and released all the animals, hence leading to the loss incurred by the neighbor. It was a surprise attack, meaning that he did not have much time to alert the authority. If he had also been given a permit to keep the animals within the neighborhood, then he should win the case. On the contrary, if the relevant authority had not been consulted, then he has a case to answer for putting the lives of citizens in danger. As it stands, though, he will win the case against his accuser. In the case of Frank and Shah, both individuals can be awarded remedies by the court as compensation for wrongs done. Shah will be found guilty of battery, owing to the fact that he made a physical contact with Frank. This is demonstrated by the broken nose and significant bruises. Shah failed to control his emotions, and instead chose to attack an unarmed individual, who also did not cause any threat to his life. He cannot argue that he was trying to defend himself from any attack. On the contrary, it was Frank who tried to protect himself. Even if he got very angry after being accused of shoplifting, he used excessive force, going to the point of causing physical injuries. Further, he should have reported the matter to the relevant authority, instead of taking attacking the accuser. For these reasons, it is possible that he will be found guilty of battery, and will be required to pay for damages. On the other hand, Frank has also a

Long story or memoir Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Long story or memoir - Essay Example When she was twelve years old, Chun together with her family immigrated to Australia. Unlike her older sisters, Chun did not like the new environment, and the strangeness of the customs and language made her life even more miserable. Having grown up in China, life was totally different in Australia in terms of lifestyles, customs, language, and political structure. Just as Chun was adjusting to the new environment, at age 17, she discovered a small lump in her breast, and soon after, began the struggle with cancer. Indeed, this was a very traumatizing moment for the entire family as many could not believe that one of them would struggle with the deadly cancer. Shortly after five months since the lump started, her mother died at age 37. Both Chun’s family and the society thought Chun mum’s death was attributed by grief over her daughter's predicament, and as a result, Chun began a long struggle with low self-esteem and a deep sense of hopelessness and guilt. Chun believe d that she was the cause of her mother’s death and as a result, thought she was a reject to her entire family. However, after the post-mortem it was realized that her mum suffered from both high-blood pressure and diabetes. The news over her daughter’s cancer increased her blood pressure, and as a result, caused her death. During that bereavement season, Chun’s family could not understand why God had to take their mother who happened to be the source of encouragement to the entire family. Specifically, Chun could not understand the need or importance of living as she thought her situation was the cause of her mother’s death. Despite the many challenges that the family faced, they were privileged to have nurses and doctors who bestowed love and compassion to them. Chun’s treatment required the lengthy and frequent hospital stays, and thus she missed most of her college classes. Often, Chun thought that she had brought the disease on herself and she wished that she had a different disease that involved less pain and less hospital stays. Her medical treatment was so severe that it involved such unsettling and painful procedures as chemotherapy and surgery. The treatment was more frightening and scaring for a young person than it could be for an adult. During that period of loneliness and fear of lengthier therapy, Chun developed a strong and trusting personal relationship with her caregivers and nurses. The doctors walked with her and instigated a strong tribute that she could one day recover from the disease. Such encouragements created a strong platform for Chun to deepen her understanding that she can get better and recover from cancer if only she believes. Despite many encouragements, Chun went through many difficulties and pain. However, she kept believing that one day she would recover and be an inspiration to many suffering from the disease. While in the hospital, Chun decided to document a book by the subject â€Å"It G ets better if you believe† Her main purpose was to reach cancer patients on how to cope with the disease and remind doctors and nurses on the benefits of quality care to patients. Chun intended to create a solid platform for readers to understand her real life experience and how she battled with cancer. Apparently, Chun took every day as an opportunity to learn and comprehend things that one day would be an inspiration to others. She changed her mindset and embraced a positive

Organizational Behavior Leadership Analysis Social Work Essay

Organizational Behavior Leadership Analysis Social Work Essay Academic theories about employee motivation, empowerment and performance are just that theories, they are of little practical use to business leader or their companies, with reference covered to the material cover on the OBL course, and the people management of one Employee of Choice, please evaluate the validity of this statement. Organizational Behavior is the study of behavior of individual, group and people in the organization. It focuses in the relationship between individual and organization in the holistic manner. It focuses on meeting the social objectives, organizational level objectives and individual level objectives. (Leadership and Organizational Behavior, 2010) In managing the organizational behavior with in the organization, there are various managerial theories being proposed by various people to meet the organizational and individual requirement. The role of business leader is to effectively manage the workforce with in the organization to achieve the maximum output from the employees. It is also required from the business leaders to increase the productivity of the organization, to reduce employee turnover, to increase job satisfaction, to reduce absenteeism among the employees, to establish organizational citizenship. The productivity of the employees could be increased by increasing the motivational level of the employees and by imparting training and development programs. An organization is said productive if it converts its inputs into outputs at lowest operating costs. Organizational behavior studies help managers to understand the general behavior of the individuals, but not the exact behavior of the individual. For example Douglas McGregors Theory X and Theory Y give an idea about type of people in the organization. According to Theory X, people would tend to avoid the work and are not responsible, on the other hand according to Theory Y, people are self directed and self motivated. Now this theory does not highlight the exact reasons for being lazy and self-motivated. In this way organizational studies only direct the managers about the general concepts, but could not point the exact behavior of the individual. It is so because the behavior of individual may vary from situation to situation and may also differ from person to person. (Douglas McGregor-Human Relations Contributors, Theory X and Theory Y) The turnover of the employee is another important managerial duty to be considered by leaders. The increase in turnover costs high for the organization by increasing the recruitment, interview, selection and training costs. It is one of the essential parameter to be considered by the managers for increasing the efficiency of the organization. There could be various reasons for increased in turnover. It could be because of work environment, job position mismatch, compensation and rewards, job stress etc. It is required from the leaders to find out the reason for the increase in turnover. As there could be various different reasons for the increase in turnover, the organizational theories could not find the exact reason for the increase in turnover. The method that could be used by manager to find exact reason for the increased turnover could be interviews or survey. With the help of organizational behavior theories leaders could find out the general behavior of the group of employees in the organization, but it is required to carry out individual analysis to find the exact reason for the absenteeism with in the organization. Increasing the Job satisfaction is another important managerial duty. It is essential for leaders to maintain the job satisfaction level of the employees with in the organization. This would not only decrease the turnover of the employees but also generate the healthy environment with in the organization. Organizational Behavior theories help the managers to understand the general behavior of the employee about job satisfaction, but it does not showcase how to increase job satisfaction for a particular employee. According to dispositional theory individual who is happy in his life is happy at his job as well. According to this theory there are the factors affecting job satisfaction i.e. positive and negative affectivity, personality attributes and self evaluation. This theory as well does not find the actual reason specific to a particular individual and hence managers would need to carry out the analysis specific to the individual. Another important function of the business leaders is to reduce absenteeism among the employees. The reduction in absenteeism is directly related to the job dissatisfaction and improper work environment. It is required for the leaders to understand the individual needs and expectations of the individuals from the organization and meet those expectations. It is also observed that unhealthy work environment creates problem for the employee and in turn reduced their efficiency and hence productivity of the organization. Here as well leaders have to sit individually with the employees and seek out the possible hindrances for the employees with respect to work environment. The reasons for the unhealthy work environment could be racial discrimination, manager-subordinates relationship, gender discrimination, work pressures etc. Organization Behavior theories works as the general framework for the leaders but could not act as the specific solution for a particular organizational problem. It require extensive analysis and thorough understanding of the organization and individual behavior to meet the objectives of the organization. Question 2: With reference to Organizational Behavior leadership on gender inequity in organization, and you own work experience if relevant, evaluate the extent to which this issue will require further attention from public and private sector organization in the UAE now and in the future. How can local organization ensure that there is true equity of opportunity for their women Emirati employees and what will be the likely commercial benefits of doing this? Answer: Gender Inequality means differentiation between individuals on the basis of their gender. As per gender inequality the responsibility, human and social possibilities differ from men to that of women. (Long, 2001) It is found that most of the theories showcase the organizational structure as the reason for gender inequality. It is as per organizational structure which causes differences in roles, difference in position, and difference in behaviors between men and women. Materialist theory: As per this theory the connection of men and women with the societys economic structure causes the gender inequality. As per this theory, womens role of mother and wife in the society devalued its right to access high valued resources. Women are less paid as compared to the men in the labor class market. The reason for this is the social responsibility attached to women to take care of family and children. Division between Domestic and Public Work: Their role of mother and wife devalued their role social roles and hence high profile. Women are bound with the domestic responsibilities and hence have to take care of the family and have to invest time there as well. On the other hand men are free from domestic responsibilities and have greater access to high valued resources. It is noticed that there is inequality in pay of men and women, and women are paid less than men. It is also found that two-third of the women works in areas low profile areas like catering, cleaning, clerical jobs, caring jobs. The reason for women being paid less than men is that their job includes discontinuity because of maternity leaves, and to take care of family and children. Moreover still the ratio of highly qualifies women is less than that of men. This gives men an edge to work in high profile jobs and so being paid more than women. Gender Inequality in UAE: The UAE government is trying their best to reduce the gender inequality in UAE. In the year 2008, UAE is participating actively in reducing the gap of gender disparity by organizing various conferences for the same. Dubai School of Government along with Centre of Arab Women for Training and Research and World Bank, organizes a conference to narrow down the gender gap in North Africa and Middle East. The conference named Gender and Economics in MENA: from Theory to Policymaking (ZPRESS, 2008). The main purpose of the conference was to highlight the importance of high education over women. In the conference, Nabeel Al Yousuf, vice chairman of trustee board in Dubai School of Government, focused on gender inequality for the social, national and economic development. Community Development Authority is coordinating with various government and non-government organizations to maintain gender equality. (ZPRESS, 2008) In the recent years UAE has worked well in reducing the gender gap in the emirates. As per a report, UAE has topped in human development chart among gulf countries. Though the ratio of educated women is increasing, but still UAE needs to improve on gender equality. This gender inequality further drags the human development index of the country. The gender equality could be improved with the help of combined effort from public and private companies. Protect Women Rights: It is essential to get women aware of their rights and also make them aware how to fight against the violation of any basic right. This education would help them to fight for their basic rights. It is required for both public and private organizations to coordinate with Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) to protect the rights of women. Women Education: To increase the status of women in the society it is required to further increase the level and quality of education for women. To achieve the same it is required for public and private educational institutions to work together to achieve the common objective. Healthy Work Environment: It is required for the private and public organizations to maintain healthy work environment for the women at workplace. It could be done by providing facilities for women like pick and drop from home, work from home etc. The local organization could ensure the equal opportunity for women by ensuring that jobs are offered as per the qualification and not on the basis of gender. The pay should be equal as per the caliber and qualification of the individual. It is required for the local organization to create equal opportunities for both men and women and should not create any disparity between the two. Gender equality would ensure equal status for the women in the society and would increase their standard of living. It would ensure right investment of the income and less wastage of money. It has been found that women invest 90% of her income on family whereas men only invest 35% of his income on family. This would change political and public welfare policies would increase focus on women as well. Increase in education level of women would reduce the health problems and diseases in the society.

Realism in Eudora Weltys A Worn Path Essays -- Worn Path Essays Eudor

Realism in Eudora Welty's A Worn Path Eudora Welty's "A Worn Path" is a story that emphasizes the natural symbolism of the surroundings. The main character in the story, Phoenix Jackson, is an old black woman who seeks out to find medicine for her sick nephew. This story contains a motif, which is the continuous walking of Phoenix Jackson throughout her journey. She lives in the pinewoods and faces the challenging experience of walking through the snowy, frozen earth to get to the hospital in the city of Natchez. Phoenix Jackson is a very caring person, and is in love with life. Although she is very old, it seems that she has many years ahead of her. Eudora Welty brings realism into the story describing the realities of being old. It is Christmas, and Phoenix Jackson has to head out to the city to obtain the medicine for her nephew. A long time ago, her nephew swallowed lye that burned his throat, and the medicine is the only thing that relieves his pain. The woods are filled with pine trees that cast dark shadows throughout the terrain. The darkness that surrounds Phoenix is the total opposite of her. She is a poor woman, but is very neat and tidy. She appreciates the small things in life and respects what she has. Although she is old, she has extremely dark hair, wears a red bandana, and has much "life" within her: Her skin had a pattern all its own of numberless branching wrinkles and as though a whole little tree stood in the middle of her forehead, but a golden color ran underneath, and the two knobs of her cheeks were illumined by a yellow burning under the bark. (87) It is almost as if she is a part of nature herself, when Eudora Welty describes her as having a tree within her forehead. ... ...ling to travel through the rugged pinewoods to get the medicine that cures his illness. All of the things included in the forest represent natural symbolism that is directly related to the realism of Phoenix Jackson. The windmill is a perfect representation of the circle of life, and Phoenix has many more years to live. When Phoenix dies, her spirit of the Phoenix bird will live on in her nephew who most likely will live a long, happy life. Works Cited Hicks, Granville. "Eudora Welty." Critical Essays on Eudora Welty. Ed. W. Craig Turner and Lee Emling Harding. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1989. 259-67. Howard, Zelma Turner. The Rhetoric of Eudora Welty's Short Stories. Jackson, Miss.: University and College Press of Mississippi, 1973. Welty, Eudora. "A Worn Path." The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980. 142-49.

McCulloch vs. Maryland

McCulloch vs. Maryland is one of the most significant cases ever decided by the United States Supreme Court, and is perhaps all the more significant in that it was one of earliest cases of major proportions decided by the court.   The background of this case extends many years before its 1819 Supreme Court decision.   In 1791, the Congress of the United States created the First Bank of the United States.   The First Bank was primarily formed in order to help alleviate debt accumulated during the Revolutionary War.   The brainchild of then-Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, it was bitterly opposed by many.   The First Bank remained in existence until 1811, when Congress decided to let its charter expire.Economic troubles in the United States continued during that time period, and especially as a result of the War of 1812.   In 1816, a proposition was passed to form the Second Bank of the United States in order to combat debt that continued to mount.   As with the charter of the First Bank, the charter of the Second Bank was only authorized to last for twenty years.   Opposition to the Second Bank was even fiercer than opposition to the First Bank.The State of Maryland, to protect itself from loan mandates of the Second Bank, passed a law imposing a tax on any bank not chartered by the State of Maryland.   The only bank at that time to conduct operations in Maryland but without being chartered by the State of Maryland was the Second Bank of the United States.   The Second Bank refused to pay the imposed taxed, and the State of Maryland filed suit against the local representative for the bank, James McCulloch.Before being heard by the Supreme Court of the United States, McCulloch vs. Maryland was first heard by a state court in Maryland and later the Maryland Court of Appeals.   Both the state court and the Court of Appeals held for the State of Maryland.   When the case came to the Supreme Court on error in 1819, the highest bod y of the land reversed the decision of both the Court of Appeals and the state court in Maryland, holding for the Federal government.The argument used by the State of Maryland in support of their right to tax an institution conducting business without their borders was that the Constitution did not make any provisions affecting banking.   Further, the State of Maryland argued that because of that Constitutional omission, the Federal Government did not have the proper authority to charter a bank and therefore, the Second Bank of the United States was unconstitutional.   On the side of the Federal Government, the argument was offered that nothing in the Constitution prohibited the formation of the bank in order to conduct important financial business on behalf of the country.   The Court sided with this argument and found that the taxed imposed by the State of Maryland improperly interfered with the business of the Federal Government.The ongoing impact of McCulloch vs. Maryland is profound.   Two important principles that would be used repeatedly in later years resulted from this decision.   The first principle holds that the Constitution grants to Congress certain implied powers to be used in upholding express powers granted by the Constitution.   What this means is that it can be inferred that certain actions may become necessary in order to ensure the functionality of the Federal Government.   The second principle is that no state can interfere in the conduct of the Federal Government when that conduct is protected or provided for by the Constitution.   In the decision of the Court, written by Chief Justice John Marshall, a statement is made thatâ€Å"If the States may tax one instrument, employed by the Government in the execution of its powers, they may tax any and every other instrument. They may tax the mail; they may tax the mint; they may tax patent rights; they may tax the papers of the custom house; they may tax judicial process; they may tax all the means employed by the Government to an excess which would defeat all the ends of Government†.In deliberately enumerating some many other actions that could follow, the slippery slope of finding for the State of Maryland is indicated, clearly showing that to allow such taxation would be detrimental to the workings of the government as a whole.Steven Engel, in an article published by the Yale Law Journal, writing that one of the significant results of the decision in McCulloch vs. Maryland is in the crafting of the Fourteenth Amendment, saying â€Å"In drafting Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Republicans borrowed explicitly from McCulloch in granting Congress the power to enforce the provisions of the amendment by appropriate legislation†.   (Engel, 1999)Specifically, the language of the fourteenth amendment states â€Å"The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article†.   (Fourteen th Amendment) The significance of a court case leading to the construction of part of a Constitutional amendment is tremendous.   Before, the State of Maryland could argue that no specific provision existed in the Constitution, to which the Supreme Court responded with the concept of implied powers.   Now, with the influence of McCulloch v. Maryland on the formation of the Fourteenth Amendment, specific provisions existed for the Government to take the moves necessary to uphold the law of the land.Martin Flaherty, in a journal article discussing the Supreme Court decisions of John Marshall, describes the Chief Justice as a judicial equivalent to Shakespeare, in the eloquent manner in which he wrote.   He goes on to say, however, that Marshall was very firm in his view of â€Å"We the People†, as opposed to â€Å"We the States†.   Whereas history teaches that the Constitution was a massive effort of the states to come together in agreement over laws for the coun try, Flaherty states that Marshall views the Constitution as a result of the work of the people.He states, â€Å"The usual–and critical–corollary that follows holds that the national populace erred on the side of according power to the national government at the expense of the states, as McCulloch appears to indicate†.   (Flaherty, 2002)   This article indicates that the overriding impact of McCulloch v. Maryland on the society of the time as well as society today is that the people are stronger en masse than the states in which they happen to reside.   This impact of empowerment carries through to the modern day, both in the case of individual people and of the collective people of the Federal government.Although the decision in McCulloch v. Maryland was made almost 190 years ago, it is as significant now as it was then.   Between establishing, firmly, the concept of implied powers as well as clearly holding the superiority of the Federal Government ove r state governments, it’s reach is far and long.   Going far beyond the issue of banking, McCulloch’s legacy may be the empowerment of the phrase â€Å"We the People† and the impact that phrase has had on the citizens of this country for the past two hundred years.ReferencesEngle, S. (1999).   The McCulloch Theory of the Fourteenth Amendment: City of Boerne V.Flores and the Original Understanding of Section 5.   Yale Law Journal, 109:1, 115.Flaherty, M.S. (2002).   John Marshall, McCulloch V. Maryland, and â€Å"We the People†: Revisions in Need of Revising.   William and Mary Law Review,   43:4, 1339.McCulloch v. Maryland.   17 U.S. 316 (1819).U.S. Const., amend XIV,  §5.